Hermenéutica del descubrimiento del Nuevo Mundo. La polémica de Valladolid y la naturaleza del indio americano
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15174/rv.v0i15.98Keywords:
Mexico, Contemporary philosophy, History of ideas, essentials, originalityAbstract
Desde el “descubrimiento” de América identificamos dos visiones contrapuestas sobre ésta y sus habitantes. Estudiosos contemporáneos advierten que dichas visiones se adecúan al ideal que se imaginó encontrar y no a lo realmente encontrado; por lo que Américo Vespucio califica al natural de América como caníbal, gigante y concupiscente, mientras Cristóbal Colón localiza el paraíso terrenal habitado por hombres buenos y hermosos capaces de convertirse al cristianismo. La altura filosófica de estas visiones se da en la Polémica de Valladolid (1550-1551) donde el humanista Ginés de Sepúlveda sostiene la desigualdad humana por ley natural y apuesta por una evangelización violenta de los indios al considerarlos inferiores, mientras que De las Casas propone una evangelización pacífica que supone la libertad e igualdad de los indios además del respeto a sus derechos y bienes.
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